With the rise in popularity of natural perfumery, there’s a lot of confusion about the subject that I’d like to try to clarify. Are natural perfumes really better than synthetics? If so, why?
1. Fragrance quality: Compared to the superabundance of fragrance chemicals available to the traditional perfumer, natural perfumery relies on a limited palette of ingredients. Because the natural perfumer is using whole plant essences rather than isolated chemical components, the composition is harder to control.
Each plant essence has its own evolution which changes over time. Combined with other essences all evolving in their own individual ways, it can be a little like trying to conduct an orchestra where each musician is going off on his or her own tangent.
To manage this, most natural perfumes contain fewer ingredients than their synthetic counterparts. This gives them a simpler character, more like chamber music as opposed to symphonies. Whether you like that or not is a matter of personal taste.
The scent of a natural perfume will usually stay closer to the body of the wearer than will a synthetic. It will also have a shorter scent-life than a comparable synthetic. To remedy the problem of short scent-life, apply your natural perfume to some fabric in a place that will not show. This will allow it to last much longer than applying it only to your skin.
2. Health: It’s both true and false that natural perfumes are safer than synthetics. Some natural ingredients can cause allergic skin reactions for sensitive individuals. For example, oils from cinnamon and oakmoss are considered sensitizers and can cause rashes. Bergamot and citrus oils can be phototoxic, causing skin discoloration with sun exposure.
Where naturals have a distinct health advantage over synthetics is in their affect on the central nervous system. Synthetic fragrances derived from petrochemicals can have damaging effects on the brain and central nervous system. This is a completely different illness than skin allergies. This is called Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, and it affects millions of people.
People with MCS and chemically-triggered asthma can often tolerate natural perfumes, but cannot tolerate exposure to synthetic fragrances. This does not mean that the natural perfume is hypoallergenic! A natural perfume can be safe from a neurotoxic standpoint, while still being able to cause a skin rash to a sensitive individual.
There are some natural oils that are neurotoxic, such as camphor, white cedar and juniper, but it is not necessary to use them. Some natural essential oils contain cancer-causing components. In normal usage, these naturally-occurring chemicals are in such minute quantities that they are of no cause for concern. Roses contain chemicals that in isolation can be quite toxic, yet people have been wearing perfumes made of diluted rose oil for thousands of years, with no ill effect.
If someone has skin sensitivity to natural perfume ingredients, they can still enjoy their perfume by applying it to fabric rather than to their skin. From a health standpoint, I think that is a safer practice than substituting natural ingredients with potentially neurotoxic synthetics. From a fragrance standpoint, there are no good synthetic substitutes for ingredients such as oakmoss. Its loss to perfumery will be a tragedy.
To summarize, natural perfumes have simpler palettes and shorter scent-lives than synthetics. They are often well-tolerated by people with fragrance-sensitivity or MCS, but they are not necessarily hypoallergenic.